Dramatis Personae

Character Sheets

Quick-reference profiles of key biblical figures.

Adam

Creation

OT

First man

The first human, created in God's image, placed in Eden, and federal head of the human race. His fall plunged humanity into sin.

Noah

Antediluvian

OT

Builder of the ark, second father of humanity

A righteous man in a violent generation. God preserved him, his family, and the animals through the global flood and made a covenant with him.

Abraham

Patriarchs (c. 2100 BC)

OT

Father of the faithful

Called from Ur to a land God would show him. Justified by faith. Received the covenant of land, seed, and blessing — fulfilled ultimately in Christ.

Isaac

Patriarchs

OT

Son of promise

The son God promised to Abraham and Sarah in their old age. Married Rebekah; father of Esau and Jacob.

Jacob

Patriarchs

OT

Father of the twelve tribes

Twin of Esau. Schemer transformed by encounter with God. Renamed Israel. Father of the twelve patriarchs.

Joseph (son of Jacob)

Patriarchs

OT

Prime minister of Egypt

Sold by his brothers, rose from prison to second in Egypt, saved his family during famine. 'You meant evil; God meant it for good.'

Moses

Exodus (c. 1500–1400 BC)

OT

Lawgiver, prophet, deliverer

Born to Levite parents, raised in Pharaoh's house, fled to Midian, called at the burning bush, led Israel out of Egypt, received the Law, and led 40 years in the wilderness.

Aaron

Exodus

OT

First High Priest

Moses' older brother and spokesman; consecrated as Israel's first High Priest. Made the golden calf in a moment of weakness.

Joshua

Conquest (c. 1400 BC)

OT

Moses' successor

One of two faithful spies (with Caleb). Led Israel into Canaan, conquered the land, divided inheritance.

Deborah

Judges

OT

Prophetess and judge

The only female judge of Israel. Summoned Barak to defeat Sisera and the Canaanites; her song (ch. 5) celebrates the victory.

Gideon

Judges

OT

Judge — defeated Midian with 300

Called while threshing in a winepit. Tested God with the fleece. Defeated Midian with 300 men and torches and trumpets.

Samson

Judges

OT

Nazirite judge

Set apart from birth as a Nazirite. Possessed superhuman strength while loyal to his vow. Fell through Delilah and died destroying more Philistines in death than in life.

Ruth

Judges

OT

Moabite great-grandmother of David

A Moabite widow who clung to Naomi and her God. Boaz redeemed her; their son Obed was grandfather of David.

Samuel

Last judge

OT

Prophet, priest, kingmaker

Dedicated to the LORD by Hannah, raised by Eli. Last judge of Israel; anointed Saul and David.

Saul (king)

United Monarchy

OT

First king of Israel

Tall, handsome Benjamite chosen as Israel's first king. Disobeyed God, was rejected, descended into jealous madness pursuing David, and died in battle on Gilboa.

David

United Monarchy (c. 1010–970 BC)

OT

King of Israel, 'man after God's own heart'

Shepherd boy who killed Goliath, anointed king, united Israel, made Jerusalem the capital, received the Davidic Covenant. Sinned with Bathsheba; repented.

Solomon

United Monarchy

OT

King — wisdom and the Temple

David's son; asked for wisdom and received wealth and fame. Built the First Temple. Many foreign wives turned his heart away.

Elijah

Divided Kingdom

OT

Prophet to northern Israel

Confronted Ahab and Jezebel, called down fire on Mt. Carmel, fed by ravens, and was taken to heaven in a whirlwind.

Elisha

Divided Kingdom

OT

Successor of Elijah

Received a double portion of Elijah's spirit. Performed many miracles paralleling Christ's ministry.

Isaiah (prophet)

8th century BC

OT

Major prophet to Judah

Called in the year King Uzziah died. Prophesied during reigns of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah. Most quoted prophet in the NT.

Jeremiah (prophet)

Late 7th – early 6th century BC

OT

Weeping prophet

Called from his mother's womb. Prophesied through the fall of Jerusalem. Promised the New Covenant.

Ezekiel (prophet)

6th century BC exile

OT

Priest-prophet in Babylon

Deported to Babylon in 597 BC. Used elaborate visions and sign-acts. Saw the glory depart and return.

Daniel

6th century BC exile

OT

Statesman-prophet in Babylon and Persia

Exiled as a youth, served under Babylonian and Persian kings. Faithful witness; received apocalyptic visions.

John the Baptist

1st century AD

NT

Forerunner of the Messiah

Son of Zechariah and Elizabeth, cousin of Jesus. Preached repentance in the wilderness and baptized Jesus. Beheaded by Herod Antipas.

Mary (mother of Jesus)

1st century AD

NT

Mother of the Messiah

A young virgin from Nazareth, betrothed to Joseph. Conceived Jesus by the Holy Spirit. Faithful disciple to the cross and Pentecost.

Jesus Christ

c. 4 BC – AD 33

NT

Son of God, Messiah, Savior

Eternal Son of God, incarnate of the Virgin Mary, lived sinlessly, died for sins, rose bodily, ascended, and reigns as Lord of all. He will return to judge and reign.

Peter (Simon)

1st century AD

NT

Apostle to the Jews

Fisherman called by Jesus. Confessed Jesus as the Christ. Denied Him three times, was restored, preached at Pentecost, opened the door to the Gentiles (Cornelius).

Paul (Saul of Tarsus)

1st century AD

NT

Apostle to the Gentiles

Pharisee who persecuted the church until Christ confronted him on the Damascus road. Three missionary journeys; wrote 13 NT letters; martyred in Rome.

John the Apostle

1st century AD

NT

Apostle of love

Son of Zebedee, brother of James. 'The disciple whom Jesus loved.' Cared for Mary after the cross. Exiled to Patmos.

Stephen

1st century AD

NT

First Christian martyr

One of the seven deacons. Preached a sweeping sermon tracing Israel's history and was stoned by the Sanhedrin. Saul approved.

Eve

Creation

OT

First woman, mother of all living

Formed from Adam's side as his helper. Deceived by the serpent, she ate the forbidden fruit and shared it with Adam, bringing sin into the world.

Cain

Antediluvian

OT

First murderer

Firstborn of Adam and Eve. His offering was rejected; in jealousy he murdered Abel and was cursed to wander, yet marked for protection.

Abel

Antediluvian

OT

Righteous shepherd, first martyr

Shepherd whose blood offering was accepted by faith. Murdered by Cain.

Seth

Antediluvian

OT

Appointed seed

Third son of Adam, born after Abel's death; through his line the godly remnant and ultimately Christ descended.

Enoch

Antediluvian

OT

Prophet who walked with God

Seventh from Adam; walked with God 300 years and was taken without dying. Prophesied the Lord's coming in judgment.

Methuselah

Antediluvian

OT

Longest-lived man

Son of Enoch, grandfather of Noah; lived 969 years and died the year of the Flood.

Shem

Post-flood

OT

Son of Noah, ancestor of Israel

Blessed son of Noah from whom the Semitic peoples and the line of Abraham descend.

Ham

Post-flood

OT

Son of Noah

Son of Noah whose dishonor of his father led to the curse on his son Canaan.

Japheth

Post-flood

OT

Son of Noah

Eldest son of Noah; ancestor of the Indo-European peoples. Blessed to dwell in the tents of Shem.

Sarah

Patriarchs

OT

Wife of Abraham, mother of Isaac

Barren until age 90, she bore Isaac through God's promise. Originally Sarai; renamed Sarah ('princess').

Hagar

Patriarchs

OT

Egyptian maidservant, mother of Ishmael

Sarah's servant given to Abraham; bore Ishmael. Met by the Angel of the LORD in the wilderness.

Ishmael

Patriarchs

OT

Firstborn of Abraham by Hagar

Son of Abraham and Hagar; father of twelve princes and the Arab peoples.

Lot

Patriarchs

OT

Nephew of Abraham

Traveled with Abraham; chose the Jordan plain and settled in Sodom. Rescued from the city's destruction.

Rebekah

Patriarchs

OT

Wife of Isaac

Found at the well by Abraham's servant; mother of Jacob and Esau. Helped Jacob obtain the blessing.

Esau

Patriarchs

OT

Firstborn twin of Isaac

Sold his birthright for stew; lost the blessing. Father of the Edomites.

Leah

Patriarchs

OT

First wife of Jacob

Tender-eyed daughter of Laban substituted for Rachel. Mother of six tribes including Judah and Levi.

Rachel

Patriarchs

OT

Beloved wife of Jacob

Younger daughter of Laban; mother of Joseph and Benjamin. Died bearing Benjamin.

Judah

Patriarchs

OT

Son of Jacob, lion of the tribe

Fourth son of Leah. Pledged his life for Benjamin and received the messianic blessing: 'The scepter shall not depart from Judah.'

Miriam

Exodus

OT

Prophetess, sister of Moses

Watched baby Moses in the Nile; led Israel's women in song after the Red Sea. Struck with leprosy for opposing Moses.

Jethro

Exodus

OT

Midianite priest, Moses' father-in-law

Sheltered Moses for 40 years; advised him to delegate judging Israel.

Caleb

Wilderness/Conquest

OT

Faithful spy and warrior

One of two faithful spies; at 85 he still asked for the hill country and drove out the Anakim.

Rahab

Conquest

OT

Canaanite harlot turned believer

Hid Israel's spies in Jericho; spared with her household for her faith. Ancestress of David and Christ.

Boaz

Judges

OT

Kinsman-redeemer of Ruth

Wealthy Bethlehemite who redeemed Ruth and the land of Elimelech; great-grandfather of David.

Naomi

Judges

OT

Mother-in-law of Ruth

Lost husband and sons in Moab; returned to Bethlehem and arranged Ruth's redemption.

Hannah

End of Judges

OT

Mother of Samuel

Barren wife of Elkanah who vowed her son to the LORD; gave Samuel to Eli at Shiloh.

Eli

End of Judges

OT

High priest at Shiloh

Aged priest who mentored Samuel but failed to restrain his wicked sons; died hearing the ark was captured.

Jonathan

United Monarchy

OT

Prince, friend of David

Saul's heir who loved David as his own soul, defended him from his father, and died with Saul at Gilboa.

Absalom

United Monarchy

OT

Rebellious son of David

Avenged Tamar by killing Amnon, then led a coup against David. Caught by his hair in a tree and slain by Joab.

Bathsheba

United Monarchy

OT

Wife of Uriah, then David; mother of Solomon

Object of David's adultery; later secured the throne for her son Solomon through Nathan.

Nathan

United Monarchy

OT

Court prophet to David

Delivered the Davidic covenant; confronted David with 'You are the man!' Anointed Solomon king.

Joab

United Monarchy

OT

David's general

David's loyal but ruthless commander. Killed Abner, Absalom, and Amasa; executed by Solomon.

Rehoboam

Divided Monarchy

OT

First king of Judah

Son of Solomon whose harshness split the kingdom; reigned over Judah and Benjamin.

Jeroboam I

Divided Monarchy

OT

First king of northern Israel

Led the northern revolt and set up golden calves at Bethel and Dan, becoming the archetypal idolater.

Ahab

Divided Monarchy

OT

Wicked king of Israel

Married Jezebel and promoted Baal worship; opposed by Elijah; died at Ramoth-Gilead.

Jezebel

Divided Monarchy

OT

Phoenician queen, persecutor of prophets

Sidonian princess who brought Baal worship to Israel and killed the LORD's prophets. Thrown from a window and eaten by dogs.

Naaman

Divided Monarchy

OT

Syrian commander healed of leprosy

Aramean general cleansed by dipping seven times in the Jordan at Elisha's word.

Hezekiah

Divided Monarchy

OT

Reforming king of Judah

Tore down high places, withstood Assyria's Sennacherib, and was granted 15 added years after prayer.

Josiah

Divided Monarchy

OT

Reforming king of Judah

Began to seek the LORD at 16; rediscovered the Book of the Law and launched Judah's last great reform. Died at Megiddo.

Manasseh

Divided Monarchy

OT

Wicked yet repentant king of Judah

Reigned 55 years in unprecedented evil; captured by Assyria, humbled himself, and was restored.

Zedekiah

End of Judah

OT

Last king of Judah

Puppet king who rebelled against Babylon; watched his sons killed, was blinded, and taken in chains.

Nebuchadnezzar

Exile

OT

King of Babylon

Destroyed Jerusalem and the temple; humbled to live like a beast for seven years until he praised the Most High.

Belshazzar

Exile

OT

Last Babylonian co-regent

Hosted a sacrilegious feast using temple vessels; saw the handwriting on the wall and was slain that night.

Darius the Mede

Exile

OT

Persian-era ruler over Babylon

Set Daniel over the realm; tricked into casting him to the lions' den; honored Daniel's God afterward.

Cyrus the Great

Return

OT

Persian king, restorer of Israel

Named by Isaiah 150 years in advance; decreed the return of exiles and rebuilding of the temple in 538 BC.

Ezra

Return

OT

Priest and scribe

Led a second wave home in 458 BC; reformed mixed marriages and re-established the Law.

Nehemiah

Return

OT

Governor and wall-builder

Cupbearer to Artaxerxes who rebuilt Jerusalem's walls in 52 days and led civil-spiritual reform.

Esther

Persian period

OT

Jewish queen of Persia

Hadassah, raised by Mordecai, became queen and risked her life to save the Jews from Haman's genocide; origin of Purim.

Mordecai

Persian period

OT

Esther's cousin and guardian

Exposed an assassination plot, refused to bow to Haman, and was promoted to second in the kingdom.

Job

Patriarchal era (traditional)

OT

Suffering servant of God

A blameless man of Uz tested by Satan; lost everything yet held fast to God; restored double after God answered from the whirlwind.

Jonah

~785 BC

OT

Reluctant prophet to Nineveh

Fled God's call, was swallowed by a great fish, preached to Nineveh, and pouted when they repented.

Hosea

8th c. BC

OT

Prophet to the northern kingdom

Commanded to marry the unfaithful Gomer as a living parable of Israel's spiritual adultery and God's redeeming love.

Amos

~760 BC

OT

Shepherd-prophet of justice

A herdsman from Tekoa sent to Bethel; thundered against Israel's social injustice and false worship.

Habakkuk

~605 BC

OT

Prophet who dialogues with God

Asked why God tolerates evil; learned that Babylon would judge Judah and that 'the righteous shall live by faith.'

Zechariah (prophet)

~520 BC

OT

Post-exilic prophet

Encouraged the rebuilding of the temple with eight night visions and rich messianic prophecies.

Malachi

~430 BC

OT

Last OT prophet

Rebuked priestly corruption, divorce, and tithing failures; promised the messenger and the Sun of Righteousness.

Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego

Exile

OT

Daniel's three friends

Hebrew youths exiled with Daniel who refused to bow to Nebuchadnezzar's image and were preserved in the fiery furnace.

Joseph of Nazareth

1st century AD

NT

Legal father of Jesus

Righteous carpenter of David's line who took Mary as his wife after the angel's word and protected the child Jesus.

Zechariah (priest)

1st century AD

NT

Father of John the Baptist

Priest of the division of Abijah who was struck mute for unbelief; sang the Benedictus at John's birth.

Elizabeth

1st century AD

NT

Mother of John the Baptist

Aged kinswoman of Mary; her unborn son leaped at Mary's greeting. She called Mary 'mother of my Lord.'

Herod the Great

37–4 BC

NT

King of Judea

Idumean client-king who rebuilt the temple and slaughtered the children of Bethlehem to kill the infant Messiah.

Herod Antipas

4 BC–AD 39

NT

Tetrarch of Galilee

Beheaded John the Baptist; questioned Jesus on the night of His trial.

Pontius Pilate

AD 26–36

NT

Roman prefect of Judea

Sentenced Jesus to crucifixion despite finding no fault; washed his hands as a sign of innocence.

Caiaphas

AD 18–36

NT

High priest at Jesus' trial

Prophesied unwittingly that 'one man should die for the people'; led the Sanhedrin condemnation of Jesus.

Judas Iscariot

1st century AD

NT

Betrayer of Jesus

Treasurer of the Twelve who sold Jesus for thirty pieces of silver and hanged himself in remorse.

Andrew

1st century AD

NT

Apostle, brother of Peter

First-called disciple of John the Baptist who brought Peter to Jesus and the boy with loaves to the feeding of the 5,000.

James son of Zebedee

1st century AD

NT

Apostle, brother of John

One of the inner three; first apostolic martyr, beheaded by Herod Agrippa I in AD 44.

Thomas

1st century AD

NT

Apostle nicknamed 'the Twin'

Willing to die with Jesus; doubted the resurrection until he saw the wounds, then confessed 'My Lord and my God!'

Matthew (Levi)

1st century AD

NT

Apostle and Gospel writer

Tax collector called by Jesus from his booth; wrote the first Gospel to show Jesus as the Jewish Messiah.

Philip (apostle)

1st century AD

NT

One of the Twelve

Brought Nathanael to Jesus; tested at the feeding of the 5,000; asked to 'see the Father.'

Nathanael (Bartholomew)

1st century AD

NT

Apostle

Skeptical Israelite 'in whom is no deceit'; confessed Jesus Son of God and King of Israel.

Mary Magdalene

1st century AD

NT

Witness of the resurrection

Delivered from seven demons; supported Jesus' ministry; first to see the risen Christ and announce Him to the apostles.

Martha

1st century AD

NT

Sister of Mary and Lazarus

Hostess in Bethany; confessed Jesus as the Christ before Lazarus was raised.

Mary of Bethany

1st century AD

NT

Devoted disciple

Sat at Jesus' feet to learn; anointed Him with costly nard for His burial.

Lazarus of Bethany

1st century AD

NT

Friend whom Jesus raised

Brother of Mary and Martha; raised after four days in the tomb, prompting the plot to kill Jesus.

Nicodemus

1st century AD

NT

Pharisee and secret disciple

Came to Jesus by night and heard of new birth; later defended Him in the Sanhedrin and helped bury Him.

Zacchaeus

1st century AD

NT

Chief tax collector of Jericho

Climbed a sycamore to see Jesus; received Him joyfully and made fourfold restitution.

The Roman Centurion

1st century AD

NT

Gentile man of faith

Asked Jesus to heal his servant 'only with a word'; commended for greater faith than any in Israel.

Matthias

1st century AD

NT

Apostle chosen to replace Judas

Witness of Jesus from John's baptism to the ascension; chosen by lot over Joseph called Barsabbas.

Cornelius

1st century AD

NT

First Gentile convert

Roman centurion of the Italian Cohort whose household received the Spirit while Peter preached; gateway to the Gentile mission.

Barnabas

1st century AD

NT

'Son of encouragement,' missionary

Levite from Cyprus who sold a field for the church, vouched for Saul, and partnered with Paul on the first missionary journey.

Silas (Silvanus)

1st century AD

NT

Missionary companion of Paul

Leading man among the brethren who delivered the Jerusalem decree, sang in Philippi's jail, and later served Peter.

Timothy

1st century AD

NT

Paul's son in the faith

Son of Eunice and grandson of Lois of Lystra; pastored in Ephesus and received Paul's pastoral letters.

Titus

1st century AD

NT

Paul's troubleshooter on Crete

Greek convert and test case for Gentile freedom; organized churches on Crete and carried Paul's Corinthian correspondence.

Apollos

1st century AD

NT

Eloquent Alexandrian teacher

Learned Jew taught by Priscilla and Aquila; powerful preacher in Achaia who refuted Jews from the Scriptures.

Priscilla and Aquila

1st century AD

NT

Tentmaking ministry couple

Jewish exiles from Rome who hosted Paul, instructed Apollos, and risked their necks for him.

Lydia

1st century AD

NT

First European convert

Seller of purple from Thyatira whose heart the Lord opened by the river at Philippi; her home became the first European church.

Philemon

1st century AD

NT

Colossian slave-owner

Hosted a house church in Colossae; urged by Paul to receive his runaway slave Onesimus as a brother.

Onesimus

1st century AD

NT

Runaway slave turned brother

Once 'useless,' converted under Paul in Rome and sent back to Philemon as a beloved brother and useful minister.

James, brother of Jesus

1st century AD

NT

Leader of the Jerusalem church

Skeptical during Jesus' ministry; convinced by a resurrection appearance; presided at the Jerusalem council and wrote the epistle of James.

Jude, brother of Jesus

1st century AD

NT

Author of the epistle of Jude

Brother of James and half-brother of Jesus; wrote to contend for the faith against intrusive false teachers.

Luke

1st century AD

NT

Beloved physician and historian

Gentile companion of Paul who authored Luke and Acts — over a quarter of the NT.

John Mark

1st century AD

NT

Author of the Gospel of Mark

Cousin of Barnabas; abandoned the first mission, was later restored, and recorded Peter's preaching as the Gospel of Mark.