Dramatis Personae
Character Sheets
Quick-reference profiles of key biblical figures.
Adam
Creation
First man
The first human, created in God's image, placed in Eden, and federal head of the human race. His fall plunged humanity into sin.
Noah
Antediluvian
Builder of the ark, second father of humanity
A righteous man in a violent generation. God preserved him, his family, and the animals through the global flood and made a covenant with him.
Abraham
Patriarchs (c. 2100 BC)
Father of the faithful
Called from Ur to a land God would show him. Justified by faith. Received the covenant of land, seed, and blessing — fulfilled ultimately in Christ.
Isaac
Patriarchs
Son of promise
The son God promised to Abraham and Sarah in their old age. Married Rebekah; father of Esau and Jacob.
Jacob
Patriarchs
Father of the twelve tribes
Twin of Esau. Schemer transformed by encounter with God. Renamed Israel. Father of the twelve patriarchs.
Joseph (son of Jacob)
Patriarchs
Prime minister of Egypt
Sold by his brothers, rose from prison to second in Egypt, saved his family during famine. 'You meant evil; God meant it for good.'
Moses
Exodus (c. 1500–1400 BC)
Lawgiver, prophet, deliverer
Born to Levite parents, raised in Pharaoh's house, fled to Midian, called at the burning bush, led Israel out of Egypt, received the Law, and led 40 years in the wilderness.
Aaron
Exodus
First High Priest
Moses' older brother and spokesman; consecrated as Israel's first High Priest. Made the golden calf in a moment of weakness.
Joshua
Conquest (c. 1400 BC)
Moses' successor
One of two faithful spies (with Caleb). Led Israel into Canaan, conquered the land, divided inheritance.
Deborah
Judges
Prophetess and judge
The only female judge of Israel. Summoned Barak to defeat Sisera and the Canaanites; her song (ch. 5) celebrates the victory.
Gideon
Judges
Judge — defeated Midian with 300
Called while threshing in a winepit. Tested God with the fleece. Defeated Midian with 300 men and torches and trumpets.
Samson
Judges
Nazirite judge
Set apart from birth as a Nazirite. Possessed superhuman strength while loyal to his vow. Fell through Delilah and died destroying more Philistines in death than in life.
Ruth
Judges
Moabite great-grandmother of David
A Moabite widow who clung to Naomi and her God. Boaz redeemed her; their son Obed was grandfather of David.
Samuel
Last judge
Prophet, priest, kingmaker
Dedicated to the LORD by Hannah, raised by Eli. Last judge of Israel; anointed Saul and David.
Saul (king)
United Monarchy
First king of Israel
Tall, handsome Benjamite chosen as Israel's first king. Disobeyed God, was rejected, descended into jealous madness pursuing David, and died in battle on Gilboa.
David
United Monarchy (c. 1010–970 BC)
King of Israel, 'man after God's own heart'
Shepherd boy who killed Goliath, anointed king, united Israel, made Jerusalem the capital, received the Davidic Covenant. Sinned with Bathsheba; repented.
Solomon
United Monarchy
King — wisdom and the Temple
David's son; asked for wisdom and received wealth and fame. Built the First Temple. Many foreign wives turned his heart away.
Elijah
Divided Kingdom
Prophet to northern Israel
Confronted Ahab and Jezebel, called down fire on Mt. Carmel, fed by ravens, and was taken to heaven in a whirlwind.
Elisha
Divided Kingdom
Successor of Elijah
Received a double portion of Elijah's spirit. Performed many miracles paralleling Christ's ministry.
Isaiah (prophet)
8th century BC
Major prophet to Judah
Called in the year King Uzziah died. Prophesied during reigns of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah. Most quoted prophet in the NT.
Jeremiah (prophet)
Late 7th – early 6th century BC
Weeping prophet
Called from his mother's womb. Prophesied through the fall of Jerusalem. Promised the New Covenant.
Ezekiel (prophet)
6th century BC exile
Priest-prophet in Babylon
Deported to Babylon in 597 BC. Used elaborate visions and sign-acts. Saw the glory depart and return.
Daniel
6th century BC exile
Statesman-prophet in Babylon and Persia
Exiled as a youth, served under Babylonian and Persian kings. Faithful witness; received apocalyptic visions.
John the Baptist
1st century AD
Forerunner of the Messiah
Son of Zechariah and Elizabeth, cousin of Jesus. Preached repentance in the wilderness and baptized Jesus. Beheaded by Herod Antipas.
Mary (mother of Jesus)
1st century AD
Mother of the Messiah
A young virgin from Nazareth, betrothed to Joseph. Conceived Jesus by the Holy Spirit. Faithful disciple to the cross and Pentecost.
Jesus Christ
c. 4 BC – AD 33
Son of God, Messiah, Savior
Eternal Son of God, incarnate of the Virgin Mary, lived sinlessly, died for sins, rose bodily, ascended, and reigns as Lord of all. He will return to judge and reign.
Peter (Simon)
1st century AD
Apostle to the Jews
Fisherman called by Jesus. Confessed Jesus as the Christ. Denied Him three times, was restored, preached at Pentecost, opened the door to the Gentiles (Cornelius).
Paul (Saul of Tarsus)
1st century AD
Apostle to the Gentiles
Pharisee who persecuted the church until Christ confronted him on the Damascus road. Three missionary journeys; wrote 13 NT letters; martyred in Rome.
John the Apostle
1st century AD
Apostle of love
Son of Zebedee, brother of James. 'The disciple whom Jesus loved.' Cared for Mary after the cross. Exiled to Patmos.
Stephen
1st century AD
First Christian martyr
One of the seven deacons. Preached a sweeping sermon tracing Israel's history and was stoned by the Sanhedrin. Saul approved.
Eve
Creation
First woman, mother of all living
Formed from Adam's side as his helper. Deceived by the serpent, she ate the forbidden fruit and shared it with Adam, bringing sin into the world.
Cain
Antediluvian
First murderer
Firstborn of Adam and Eve. His offering was rejected; in jealousy he murdered Abel and was cursed to wander, yet marked for protection.
Abel
Antediluvian
Righteous shepherd, first martyr
Shepherd whose blood offering was accepted by faith. Murdered by Cain.
Seth
Antediluvian
Appointed seed
Third son of Adam, born after Abel's death; through his line the godly remnant and ultimately Christ descended.
Enoch
Antediluvian
Prophet who walked with God
Seventh from Adam; walked with God 300 years and was taken without dying. Prophesied the Lord's coming in judgment.
Methuselah
Antediluvian
Longest-lived man
Son of Enoch, grandfather of Noah; lived 969 years and died the year of the Flood.
Shem
Post-flood
Son of Noah, ancestor of Israel
Blessed son of Noah from whom the Semitic peoples and the line of Abraham descend.
Ham
Post-flood
Son of Noah
Son of Noah whose dishonor of his father led to the curse on his son Canaan.
Japheth
Post-flood
Son of Noah
Eldest son of Noah; ancestor of the Indo-European peoples. Blessed to dwell in the tents of Shem.
Sarah
Patriarchs
Wife of Abraham, mother of Isaac
Barren until age 90, she bore Isaac through God's promise. Originally Sarai; renamed Sarah ('princess').
Hagar
Patriarchs
Egyptian maidservant, mother of Ishmael
Sarah's servant given to Abraham; bore Ishmael. Met by the Angel of the LORD in the wilderness.
Ishmael
Patriarchs
Firstborn of Abraham by Hagar
Son of Abraham and Hagar; father of twelve princes and the Arab peoples.
Lot
Patriarchs
Nephew of Abraham
Traveled with Abraham; chose the Jordan plain and settled in Sodom. Rescued from the city's destruction.
Rebekah
Patriarchs
Wife of Isaac
Found at the well by Abraham's servant; mother of Jacob and Esau. Helped Jacob obtain the blessing.
Esau
Patriarchs
Firstborn twin of Isaac
Sold his birthright for stew; lost the blessing. Father of the Edomites.
Leah
Patriarchs
First wife of Jacob
Tender-eyed daughter of Laban substituted for Rachel. Mother of six tribes including Judah and Levi.
Rachel
Patriarchs
Beloved wife of Jacob
Younger daughter of Laban; mother of Joseph and Benjamin. Died bearing Benjamin.
Judah
Patriarchs
Son of Jacob, lion of the tribe
Fourth son of Leah. Pledged his life for Benjamin and received the messianic blessing: 'The scepter shall not depart from Judah.'
Miriam
Exodus
Prophetess, sister of Moses
Watched baby Moses in the Nile; led Israel's women in song after the Red Sea. Struck with leprosy for opposing Moses.
Jethro
Exodus
Midianite priest, Moses' father-in-law
Sheltered Moses for 40 years; advised him to delegate judging Israel.
Caleb
Wilderness/Conquest
Faithful spy and warrior
One of two faithful spies; at 85 he still asked for the hill country and drove out the Anakim.
Rahab
Conquest
Canaanite harlot turned believer
Hid Israel's spies in Jericho; spared with her household for her faith. Ancestress of David and Christ.
Boaz
Judges
Kinsman-redeemer of Ruth
Wealthy Bethlehemite who redeemed Ruth and the land of Elimelech; great-grandfather of David.
Naomi
Judges
Mother-in-law of Ruth
Lost husband and sons in Moab; returned to Bethlehem and arranged Ruth's redemption.
Hannah
End of Judges
Mother of Samuel
Barren wife of Elkanah who vowed her son to the LORD; gave Samuel to Eli at Shiloh.
Eli
End of Judges
High priest at Shiloh
Aged priest who mentored Samuel but failed to restrain his wicked sons; died hearing the ark was captured.
Jonathan
United Monarchy
Prince, friend of David
Saul's heir who loved David as his own soul, defended him from his father, and died with Saul at Gilboa.
Absalom
United Monarchy
Rebellious son of David
Avenged Tamar by killing Amnon, then led a coup against David. Caught by his hair in a tree and slain by Joab.
Bathsheba
United Monarchy
Wife of Uriah, then David; mother of Solomon
Object of David's adultery; later secured the throne for her son Solomon through Nathan.
Nathan
United Monarchy
Court prophet to David
Delivered the Davidic covenant; confronted David with 'You are the man!' Anointed Solomon king.
Joab
United Monarchy
David's general
David's loyal but ruthless commander. Killed Abner, Absalom, and Amasa; executed by Solomon.
Rehoboam
Divided Monarchy
First king of Judah
Son of Solomon whose harshness split the kingdom; reigned over Judah and Benjamin.
Jeroboam I
Divided Monarchy
First king of northern Israel
Led the northern revolt and set up golden calves at Bethel and Dan, becoming the archetypal idolater.
Ahab
Divided Monarchy
Wicked king of Israel
Married Jezebel and promoted Baal worship; opposed by Elijah; died at Ramoth-Gilead.
Jezebel
Divided Monarchy
Phoenician queen, persecutor of prophets
Sidonian princess who brought Baal worship to Israel and killed the LORD's prophets. Thrown from a window and eaten by dogs.
Naaman
Divided Monarchy
Syrian commander healed of leprosy
Aramean general cleansed by dipping seven times in the Jordan at Elisha's word.
Hezekiah
Divided Monarchy
Reforming king of Judah
Tore down high places, withstood Assyria's Sennacherib, and was granted 15 added years after prayer.
Josiah
Divided Monarchy
Reforming king of Judah
Began to seek the LORD at 16; rediscovered the Book of the Law and launched Judah's last great reform. Died at Megiddo.
Manasseh
Divided Monarchy
Wicked yet repentant king of Judah
Reigned 55 years in unprecedented evil; captured by Assyria, humbled himself, and was restored.
Zedekiah
End of Judah
Last king of Judah
Puppet king who rebelled against Babylon; watched his sons killed, was blinded, and taken in chains.
Nebuchadnezzar
Exile
King of Babylon
Destroyed Jerusalem and the temple; humbled to live like a beast for seven years until he praised the Most High.
Belshazzar
Exile
Last Babylonian co-regent
Hosted a sacrilegious feast using temple vessels; saw the handwriting on the wall and was slain that night.
Darius the Mede
Exile
Persian-era ruler over Babylon
Set Daniel over the realm; tricked into casting him to the lions' den; honored Daniel's God afterward.
Cyrus the Great
Return
Persian king, restorer of Israel
Named by Isaiah 150 years in advance; decreed the return of exiles and rebuilding of the temple in 538 BC.
Ezra
Return
Priest and scribe
Led a second wave home in 458 BC; reformed mixed marriages and re-established the Law.
Nehemiah
Return
Governor and wall-builder
Cupbearer to Artaxerxes who rebuilt Jerusalem's walls in 52 days and led civil-spiritual reform.
Esther
Persian period
Jewish queen of Persia
Hadassah, raised by Mordecai, became queen and risked her life to save the Jews from Haman's genocide; origin of Purim.
Mordecai
Persian period
Esther's cousin and guardian
Exposed an assassination plot, refused to bow to Haman, and was promoted to second in the kingdom.
Job
Patriarchal era (traditional)
Suffering servant of God
A blameless man of Uz tested by Satan; lost everything yet held fast to God; restored double after God answered from the whirlwind.
Jonah
~785 BC
Reluctant prophet to Nineveh
Fled God's call, was swallowed by a great fish, preached to Nineveh, and pouted when they repented.
Hosea
8th c. BC
Prophet to the northern kingdom
Commanded to marry the unfaithful Gomer as a living parable of Israel's spiritual adultery and God's redeeming love.
Amos
~760 BC
Shepherd-prophet of justice
A herdsman from Tekoa sent to Bethel; thundered against Israel's social injustice and false worship.
Habakkuk
~605 BC
Prophet who dialogues with God
Asked why God tolerates evil; learned that Babylon would judge Judah and that 'the righteous shall live by faith.'
Zechariah (prophet)
~520 BC
Post-exilic prophet
Encouraged the rebuilding of the temple with eight night visions and rich messianic prophecies.
Malachi
~430 BC
Last OT prophet
Rebuked priestly corruption, divorce, and tithing failures; promised the messenger and the Sun of Righteousness.
Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego
Exile
Daniel's three friends
Hebrew youths exiled with Daniel who refused to bow to Nebuchadnezzar's image and were preserved in the fiery furnace.
Joseph of Nazareth
1st century AD
Legal father of Jesus
Righteous carpenter of David's line who took Mary as his wife after the angel's word and protected the child Jesus.
Zechariah (priest)
1st century AD
Father of John the Baptist
Priest of the division of Abijah who was struck mute for unbelief; sang the Benedictus at John's birth.
Elizabeth
1st century AD
Mother of John the Baptist
Aged kinswoman of Mary; her unborn son leaped at Mary's greeting. She called Mary 'mother of my Lord.'
Herod the Great
37–4 BC
King of Judea
Idumean client-king who rebuilt the temple and slaughtered the children of Bethlehem to kill the infant Messiah.
Herod Antipas
4 BC–AD 39
Tetrarch of Galilee
Beheaded John the Baptist; questioned Jesus on the night of His trial.
Pontius Pilate
AD 26–36
Roman prefect of Judea
Sentenced Jesus to crucifixion despite finding no fault; washed his hands as a sign of innocence.
Caiaphas
AD 18–36
High priest at Jesus' trial
Prophesied unwittingly that 'one man should die for the people'; led the Sanhedrin condemnation of Jesus.
Judas Iscariot
1st century AD
Betrayer of Jesus
Treasurer of the Twelve who sold Jesus for thirty pieces of silver and hanged himself in remorse.
Andrew
1st century AD
Apostle, brother of Peter
First-called disciple of John the Baptist who brought Peter to Jesus and the boy with loaves to the feeding of the 5,000.
James son of Zebedee
1st century AD
Apostle, brother of John
One of the inner three; first apostolic martyr, beheaded by Herod Agrippa I in AD 44.
Thomas
1st century AD
Apostle nicknamed 'the Twin'
Willing to die with Jesus; doubted the resurrection until he saw the wounds, then confessed 'My Lord and my God!'
Matthew (Levi)
1st century AD
Apostle and Gospel writer
Tax collector called by Jesus from his booth; wrote the first Gospel to show Jesus as the Jewish Messiah.
Philip (apostle)
1st century AD
One of the Twelve
Brought Nathanael to Jesus; tested at the feeding of the 5,000; asked to 'see the Father.'
Nathanael (Bartholomew)
1st century AD
Apostle
Skeptical Israelite 'in whom is no deceit'; confessed Jesus Son of God and King of Israel.
Mary Magdalene
1st century AD
Witness of the resurrection
Delivered from seven demons; supported Jesus' ministry; first to see the risen Christ and announce Him to the apostles.
Martha
1st century AD
Sister of Mary and Lazarus
Hostess in Bethany; confessed Jesus as the Christ before Lazarus was raised.
Mary of Bethany
1st century AD
Devoted disciple
Sat at Jesus' feet to learn; anointed Him with costly nard for His burial.
Lazarus of Bethany
1st century AD
Friend whom Jesus raised
Brother of Mary and Martha; raised after four days in the tomb, prompting the plot to kill Jesus.
Nicodemus
1st century AD
Pharisee and secret disciple
Came to Jesus by night and heard of new birth; later defended Him in the Sanhedrin and helped bury Him.
Zacchaeus
1st century AD
Chief tax collector of Jericho
Climbed a sycamore to see Jesus; received Him joyfully and made fourfold restitution.
The Roman Centurion
1st century AD
Gentile man of faith
Asked Jesus to heal his servant 'only with a word'; commended for greater faith than any in Israel.
Matthias
1st century AD
Apostle chosen to replace Judas
Witness of Jesus from John's baptism to the ascension; chosen by lot over Joseph called Barsabbas.
Cornelius
1st century AD
First Gentile convert
Roman centurion of the Italian Cohort whose household received the Spirit while Peter preached; gateway to the Gentile mission.
Barnabas
1st century AD
'Son of encouragement,' missionary
Levite from Cyprus who sold a field for the church, vouched for Saul, and partnered with Paul on the first missionary journey.
Silas (Silvanus)
1st century AD
Missionary companion of Paul
Leading man among the brethren who delivered the Jerusalem decree, sang in Philippi's jail, and later served Peter.
Timothy
1st century AD
Paul's son in the faith
Son of Eunice and grandson of Lois of Lystra; pastored in Ephesus and received Paul's pastoral letters.
Titus
1st century AD
Paul's troubleshooter on Crete
Greek convert and test case for Gentile freedom; organized churches on Crete and carried Paul's Corinthian correspondence.
Apollos
1st century AD
Eloquent Alexandrian teacher
Learned Jew taught by Priscilla and Aquila; powerful preacher in Achaia who refuted Jews from the Scriptures.
Priscilla and Aquila
1st century AD
Tentmaking ministry couple
Jewish exiles from Rome who hosted Paul, instructed Apollos, and risked their necks for him.
Lydia
1st century AD
First European convert
Seller of purple from Thyatira whose heart the Lord opened by the river at Philippi; her home became the first European church.
Philemon
1st century AD
Colossian slave-owner
Hosted a house church in Colossae; urged by Paul to receive his runaway slave Onesimus as a brother.
Onesimus
1st century AD
Runaway slave turned brother
Once 'useless,' converted under Paul in Rome and sent back to Philemon as a beloved brother and useful minister.
James, brother of Jesus
1st century AD
Leader of the Jerusalem church
Skeptical during Jesus' ministry; convinced by a resurrection appearance; presided at the Jerusalem council and wrote the epistle of James.
Jude, brother of Jesus
1st century AD
Author of the epistle of Jude
Brother of James and half-brother of Jesus; wrote to contend for the faith against intrusive false teachers.
Luke
1st century AD
Beloved physician and historian
Gentile companion of Paul who authored Luke and Acts — over a quarter of the NT.
John Mark
1st century AD
Author of the Gospel of Mark
Cousin of Barnabas; abandoned the first mission, was later restored, and recorded Peter's preaching as the Gospel of Mark.